Throughout the recent decades, several child-based interventions regarding children of divorced families have been developed. Nevertheless, research on these interventions is scattered and lacks a conceptual framework, needed to interpret their results and put them in context. This literature review assesses 25 interventions and provides a conceptual framework. We focus on previous research addressing child-based interventions that aim to improve children’s well-being and are directed towards children (6-12 years old) of divorced parents. Based on the previous literature, we construct a conceptual framework that consists of five dimensions based on the characteristics of these interventions. These dimensions are: origin, modality, target group, actor and location. Origin refers to interventions from an academic or practice-based background. Modality refers to group, family or individual interventions. Target group refers to a general group of children of divorced families or to a specialized group of children with a specific demand. Actor(s) refers to persons included: only children or children and parents. Location refers to where the intervention takes place: school, clinic, community center or court. Each dimension is explained and interventions are located within this conceptual framework. Subsequently, each dimension is discussed regarding its benefits and future challenges. This paper concludes that some dimensions are strongly elaborated, whereas others are poorly assessed. Therefore, it provides a clear view on blind spots of current intervention, like the low diversity within the modality dimension. Stakeholders in family practice might benefit from this study and develop child-based interventions starting from the gaps in our conceptual framework.

The aim of our study is to investigate the process of child custody in Hungary; especially in cases where the visitation of the parent is against the child’s mental or physical well-being and safety. The violence does not decrease but in some cases increases after the relationship breaks up. The visitation can offer an opportunity for the perpetrator for maintaining power and control over the mother and their child as well. Our hypothesis is that in those relationships where intimate partner violence could be found the fathers continued their violate behaviors throughout their child's visitation with institutional and judicial utilities. Our study uses mixed methods: we conducted 30 deep interviews with mothers who experienced problematic child custody cases and we reached also 1000 persons with an online survey. Our quantitative analysis shows the institutional processes, structures and the conceptualization of relationships and parent-child relations related data focusing on the institutional pathways of mothers and their children throughout the period of child custody. The deep interviews showed how non-custodial fathers could control and influence the everyday life of their ex-partner and so as their children’s as well. With the support of agencies and institutions and with the ensuring of the rights of the father perpetrators could intimidate their former partners and children while deprive their safety and autonomy.

Although previous research on family structure and children focused mainly on differences between family structures, recently, family research has concentrated on the accumulative effect of the various family transitions children experience, known as the multiple-transition perspective (Amato, 2010). Nevertheless, most studies have either concentrated on the number of family transitions children experience (e.g. Lee & McLanahan, 2015) or on a specific change in family structure (e.g. Ryan et al., 2015). We add to this literature by investigating how maternal and paternal family trajectories affet the subjective well-being of children, including various family structures changes as well as the duration of a specific family structure. By concentrating on maternal and paternal trajectories, gender differences can be investigated.

Therefore, we analyze two dyadic subsamples of the ‘Divorce in Flanders - DiF’ study: one of mothers and children (n=515) and one of fathers and children (n=365). Children are between 14 and 21 years old. Two methods are used: First, sequence analysis based on the relationship history of both mothers and fathers is used to construct family trajectories. Second, structural equation models (SEM) are carried out to investigate the influence of maternal and paternal family trajectories on children’s life satisfaction, self-esteem and depressive feelings. Results reveal that children report a lower well-being if mothers never repartner, have a LAT relationship or have had several relationships after their divorce. For fathers, the opposite effect was found: children report a lower well-being when their fathers are remarried or living with a new partner after their divorce.

Family researchers have long been concerned with the implications of the division of labour and gender role attitudes in families. This research adds to the literature by investigating associations between parental gendered attitudes and behaviours with children’s socio-emotional difficulties, within the context of household socio-economic and demographic characteristics. Additionally we consider whether parents’ psychological distress mediates this relationship.

This research uses the UK Millennium Cohort study, a nationally representative longitudinal study of 18,552 children born during 2000-2002. Data is analysed using multilevel mixed linear regression where children’s scores over time from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) are modelled with parental gender attitudes, division of labour and other parental characteristics as exposures, analyses were also stratified by child gender.

Parental gender attitudes at baseline were associated with children’s SDQ throughout childhood, negative attitudes towards maternal employment predicted greater difficulties for children. In unadjusted and partially adjusted models both boys and girls were similarly affected by gender attitudes. More egalitarian divisions of labour were also associated with lower difficulty scores for children. After adjusting models for a variety of household and parent characteristics, parental gender attitudes remained strongly associated with SDQ scores in girls while the division of labour remained important for boys.

By exploring family gender dynamics as predictors of well-being, this research demonstrates interesting links with childhood socio-emotional health in a recent UK cohort. Furthermore, certain associations between parental gender attitudes, division of labour and SDQ were robust to multiple adjustment for family demographic and mental health variables.

Outcomes of adolescence can be seen as individual and social developmental tasks that prepare one to become a productive, healthy, responsible, well-functioning adult. This includes a minimal level of personal competence, personal relationships, personal well-being, the capacity for intimacy and social bonding, a healthy lifestyle and the avoidance of problem behaviour.

The Romanian sample of 3509 nationally representative high school students in their final school year (12th grade) was surveyed in Nov 2012-Jan 2013 in the first wave of "Outcomes of Adolescence. A longitudinal perspective on the effect of social context on successful life transitions" project. The 2nd wave of the longitudinal study took place in Dec 2014-Jan 2015.

The first wave questionnaire evaluated the educational situation (results, the intention continuation of the studies), the orientation toward the labour market (the entry on the labour market, their long-term work-related aspirations as well as their representations regarding career possibilities), their social capital (relations with family, peers from neighbourhood, friends), their well-being, health and risky behaviour. The second wave is oriented toward measuring specific outcomes of adolescence and toward taking into account life-course events and other social circumstances that could influence young people on their path to adulthood.

We intend to present the outcomes of adolescence for the socially excluded youth and to assess if the worsening of specific outcomes can be attributed to family characteristics.